Banned books list: books so controversial they were banned

There are many cases throughout history, and across the globe, when works of fiction have angered censors. Often it's the themes of politics and religion that ruffle feathers - as this banned books list proves.

Other books are banned because they have a lot of sex in them. Whatever the reason, people the world over have shook their fists at an author at one time or another before banning, or at least attempting to ban, their books.

In today's book-friendly society we can read about complex themes of heavy-handed governments, racism, violence, and drugs without the fear of being tapped on the shoulder by "the man". Well, we mostly can.

Worrying reports that many works are disappearing from the shelves of American schools show that we aren't as progressive as we like to think we are.

Censorship in today’s education system seems particularly archaic. And not to mention pretty pointless given the fact you can read anything and everything on the internet. However, this isn't the first time formative works have been banned.

In this list, we've collected some of our favourite books that have been hauled off the shelves in favour of something more wholesome over the decades. Got a top banned book that you want to see on our list? Add it in the comment box below.

The best banned books

at AmazonThe gist: This Pulitzer winning masterpiece based in 1960 deals with the difficult but common place situations of rape and racial inequality in southern America. Based loosely on what the author saw and experienced as a child and written from that perspective, the books sees children and adults question justice, fight for civil rights and the loss of innocence, with Atticus Finch as a hero and shining beacon of how to be an exemplary lawyer.Why was it banned? Like many great works, the book was controversial when it came out. It was released before the civil rights movement in conservative America, which had a problem with the rape and language aspects of it. Back in 1966, Hanover County, Virginia saw the largest protest against Lee’s work, with parents complaining about their children being exposed to the iconic work. In 2016, w went full circle to Accomack County in Virginia who cited language and themes as a reason to ban the book from the curriculum. Hmm.

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at AmazonThe gist: Written in 1931 and published a year later, Huxley's parody of H. G. Wells’ utopian future in his novel, Men Like Gods isn't wholly dissimilar to George Orwell’s 1984. Addressing the period's core theme of industrialisation, Huxley explored the loss of identity and increasing dividision of society to devastating effect.Why was it banned? Initially, Ireland pulled it off the shelves for its controversial themes on child birth, before several states in the US tried to have it removed from school curriculums due to its “themes on negativity.”Why was it banned? Initially, Ireland pulled it off the shelves for its controversial themes on child birth, before several states in the US tried to have it removed from school curriculums due to its “themes on negativity.”

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at AmazonThe gist: Steinbeck’s Pullitzer Prize winning novel, released in 1939, told the all too familiar story of the effects of the Great Depression on the rural poor. Focusing on a family of sharecroppers, the Joads, who were driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, and changes in the agriculture industry. With nowhere left to turn, they set out for California along with thousands of other "Okies" in search of land, jobs and dignity.Why was it banned? Despite the book being championed by the literary elite, it was publicly banned in the US and burned en masse by the general population. People were shocked by its description of the poor, which Steinbeck later admitted was a sanitised version of what was really going on in these remote communities.

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at AmazonThe gist: Billy Pilgrim, a disoriented, and ill-trained American soldier, is captured by the Germans during the Battle of the Bulge and taken prisoner in Dresden. Housed in a disused slaughterhouse, known as "Slaughterhouse number 5", he and the other POWs and German guards alike hide in a deep cellar; sheltering from the firestorm during the Bombing of Dresden in World War II. During this period, time begins to warp, and Pilgrim starts to see visions of the future and the past, including his death.Why was it banned? The good old USA thought better than to let its children be exposed to such themes, residing it to the ranks of the American Library Association’s 100 Most Frequently Challenged books.

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at AmazonThe gist: Humbert Humbert, a scholar born in Paris, is obsessed with young women, or “nymphets” as he calls them. Moving to a small New England town, he comes obsessed with the 12-year-old daughter of Charlotte Haze, and secretly covets her, using his marriage to her mother as a ruse. Humbert and the girl abscond and begin hopping from town to town trying to conceal their true relationship.Why was it banned? After being called 'the filthiest book I have ever read' by the editor of the Sunday Express, the Home Office seized all copies of the book in 1955 on the grounds that it was pornography. The French banned it the following year, but curiously, it was published without issue in the USA.

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at AmazonThe gist: The sequel to Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, in which Huckleberry Finn is also a character. Released in 1885, the classic tale sees Huck fake his own death to escape his abusive father. Setting off down the Mississippi River, he bumps into a runaway slave he knows who is escaping for fear of being sold and they travel together as fugitives. Told in Huck’s voice, the book explores themes of slavery and contradiction in ‘free’ society, with the boy questioning everything he knows of the society and religion he’s been brought up in.Why was it banned? It was first banned about a month after its release in Massachusetts, for its casual use of the n-word and unapologetic portrayals of racism and racists, which librarians deemed as ‘not suitable for trash’. Since then it has been challenged and banned over the centuries in various counties across America who find the language and themes conflicts with their own beliefs and promotes/condones racism.

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at AmazonThe gist: Easton Ellis’s tale of serial killer and impeccable business man Patrick Bateman, starts off as merely the retelling of one man’s experiences living in an affluent part of New York city during the 1980s. As the book progresses however, the shiny veneer of Yuppie life soon reveals a far more sinister side.Why is it banned? Anyone who has seen the film will know why. Germany deemed it harmful to minors when it first appeared in 1991, and restricted its sales. It was banned in Canada until very recently, and it’s banned in the Australian state of Queensland and is restricted to over 18s only in all other states.

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at AmazonThe gist: Set in France during the 1930s, the book follows the life of its author, Miller, who at the time was a struggling writer. Written in the first person, he wrote about his sexual encounters with friends and colleagues, it was an expose on the lives of American expats living abroad.Why was it banned? Almost as soon as it was released, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice Michael Musmanno wrote Cancer is, "not a book. It is a cesspool, an open sewer, a pit of putrefaction, a slimy gathering of all that is rotten in the debris of human depravity.” As you can imagine, people weren’t ready for what George Orwell would later call “the most important book of the mid-1930s”.

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at AmazonThe gist: One day, Gregor Samsa, a travelling salesman supporting his parents and sister, awakes to find he’s turned into a giant bug. Once the most beloved member of his family, so begins his estrangement from his beloved, and the rest of society, to the point where he is locked away in his room and plainly forgotten about.Why was it banned? All of Kafka's work was banned under the Nazi and Soviet regimes, and also in Czechoslovakia because he refused to write in Czech, using only German.

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at AmazonThe gist: Inspired by the late J. D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye, the book, published in 1999, tells the story of a teenager, “Charlie” who writes a series of letters to an anonymous friend. Being a teenager, Charlie goes to great lengths to describe his introversion, teenage sexuality, abuse, and his drug use.Why was it banned? Its explicit sexual content, particularly the homosexual aspects, has led it to be withdrawn from libraries across the US, and it regularly makes the American Library Association's top 10 most challenged books list.

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at AmazonThe gist: Rushdie’s book tells the story of an Indian expat living in modern day England. After surviving a plane crash, Gibreel Farishta, a Bollywood superstar is left to rebuild his life, while the other survivor, the emigrant Saladin Chamcha has his life torn apart.Why was it banned? Many in the Islamic community saw Rushdie’s take on Islam to be blasphemous. In Venezuela, you would be imprisoned for 15 months if caught reading the book, while Japan issued fines for people who sold the English-language edition. Even in the US, two major bookshops refused to sell the book after death threats were received.

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at AmazonThe gist: The story is about a married woman, Lady Chatterley, whose husband is paralysed from the waist down due to a war injury. She has an affair with Oliver Mellors, a gamekeeper on her estate. It's the last novel by English author D. H. Lawrence about the body and the mind and whether both are necessary to love.Why was it banned? Penguin, the book's publisher, was taken to court under the Obscene Publications Act 1959 in the UK for its graphic sexual content and use of certain four letter words. Penguin was found not guilty, but the book was banned in many other regions.

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at AmazonThe gist: One of the most celebrated pieces of African literature, Achebe’s story of Okonkwo, a leader and local wrestling champion in Umofia – a fictional group of nine villages in Nigeria – recalls the influences of British colonialism and Christian missionaries on his traditional Igbo community during an unspecified time period in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century.Why was it banned? Reportedly banned in Malaysia, it is critical of colonialism and its consequences.

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• The best literary villains revealed

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